 |
|
|
|
ñWmZ …
Xa~ma hmb, {dŠQ>mo[a`m _o_mo[a`b
npíM_
~J§mb Ho$ _mZZr` amÁ`nmb lr draoZ Oo. emh H$s CnpñW{V
_| {~«{Q>e Cƒm`wº$ ga am°~ `§J Zo
20 OZdar 2001 H$mo Bg àXe©Zr
H$m CX²KmQ>Z {H$`m & |
|
|
Bg Ñí`
OJV _| AZmoIo Xe©H$ Ho$ én _| {MÌH$ma Ho$
hmoZo H$m nVm Mbm;
Bg ewÕ Ñí` OJV Am¡a Cgo CX²Km{Q>V
H$aZo H$m AmZÝX .........
Om{_Zr am` H$mo a~rÝÐ ZmW H$m nÌ & |
|
|
|
Bg àXe©Zr
_| {dŠQ>mo[a`m _o_mo[a`b g§J«h Ho$ 51 go Á`mXm V¡b{MÌ
aIo J`o h¢ & H$bH$Îmm {ÌeVmãXr Q´>ñQ>,
bX§Z Ho$ gmW AnZm`r JB© EH$ g§`wº$ n[a`moOZm
Ho$ VôV {nN>bo 10
dfm} § go BZ V¡b{MÌm| H$m g§ajU Ed§
nwZéÕma {H$`m J`m h¡ & Bg _hËdnyU©
AZmoIo à`mg _| {~«Q>oZ, `yamon VWm A_arH$m Ho$
g§J«hmb`m| Ed§ g§ñWmZm| go {deofk
Am`o Wo Am¡a H$bH$Îmm Ho$ g§ajH$m| VWm nwZéÕmaH$mo§
H$s Q>r_ Ho$ gmW AnZo kmZ Am¡a AZw^dm| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ
{H$`m &
{dŠQ>mo[a`m
_o_mo[a`b ^maV _| `moamonr` H$bm Ho$ g§J«h H mo aIZodmbo
à_wI g§ñWmZ Ho$ én _| {d»`mV
ahm h¡ & gZ² 1906
_| BgH r AmYma{ebm aIr J`r Wr Ed§ gZ² 1921 _| `h ~Z H$a V¡`ma hmo
J`m & _o_mo[a`b Ho$ g§J«h _| ^maV na$ V¡b
a§J {MÌ h¡ §, {Og_| go H$B© a§J
{MÌm| H$mo {d{eï> `moamonr` H$bmH$mamo§ Zo
gZ² 1770 go
1835 Ho$ Xm¡amZ
~Zm`m Wm & Wm_g Ed§ {d{b`_ S>¡{Z`b Zo {OZ ^y-Ñí`m|
Ed§ eha Ñí`m| H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡,
do Xw{Z`m _| CZHo$ H$m`m} § Ho$ Ah_ g§J«h h¢
& {d{b`_ hmoOog Ho$ gmW-gmW {Q>br Ho$Q>b, Omohm°Z
Omo\$mZr, Ooåg doëg VWm Wm_g {hH$s Ûmam A§{H$V
Vñdra| Ed§ Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ñí` CZH$s ^ì`
H$bmH¥${V`m| H$m {hñgm h¡ &V¡ba§J
{MÌm| Ho$ Abmdm `hm§ H$mJO na AZoH$ H$bmH¥${V`m§
h¡ §, Omo ^maV Ho$ Ñí` B{Vhmg Ho$ AÜ``Z
Ed§ _yë`m§H$Z _| {dŠQ>mo[a`m _o_mo[a`b
H$mo EH$ {deof Ho$§Ð H$m XO©m XoVr h¡ §
& BZ nwZéÕma hþ`o V¡b {MÌm|
Ho$ àXe©Z Ho$ {b`o erK« hr EH$ ZB© ñWm`r
drWr ~ZmZo H$s `moOZm h¡ & H$mJO na ~Zr H$bmH¥${V`m|
Ho$ gmW-gmW AÝ` g§J«h H$mo ^r AÜ``Z Ho$
{b`o gwb^ ~ZmZo H$m à`mg hmo ahm h¡ &
gZ² 1989
_| ^maV _o§ `moamonr`
{damgV Ho$ g§ajU Ho$ {b`o H$bH$Îmm {ÌeVmãXr
Q´>ñQ> H$r ñWmnZm hþB© Wr
& Bg Q´>ñQ> Zo {dŠQ>mo[a`m _o_mo[a`b
H$s nwZéÕma Ed§ à{ejU n[a`moOZm Ho$
{b`o A^r VH$ n`©má H$mof g§J«h {H$`m h¡
Am¡a Cgo Cg H$m`© _| bJm`m h¡ & |
|
|
Hw$N> V¡b
a§J {MÌ Am°ZbmBZ {S>ñßbo na aIo
J`o h¡ § &
|
Omohm°Z Omo\$mZr
dmaoZ
hopñQ>¨½g AnZr nËZr _¡[aEZ Ho$
gmW Abrnwa Ho$ AnZo ~JrMo _| &
B©0 1784-87
H¡$Zdmg na
V¡b {MÌ
dmaoZ hopñQ>¨½g
gZ² 1774-1785 VH$ ~§Jmb Ho$ Jd©Za OZab Wo &
CÝhm|Zo Omo\$mZr go H$B© V¡ba§J {MÌ
~Zdm`o Wo & |
|
|
|
Omohm°Z Omo\$mZr
H$Z©b
nmo{b`a, Šbm°S> _m{Q>©Z Ed§ Om°Z
dwå~dob Ho$ gmW H$bmH$ma
B©0
1786-87
H¡$Zdmg na
V¡b {MÌ
Zdm~ Amg\$CÔm¡bm
Zo bIZD$ Ho$ nwZ©{Z_©mU Ho$ {b`o H$B© `moamo{n`Zm|
H$mo {Z`wº$ {H$`m Wm & BZ_| ñdrg B§Or{Z`a
VWm Xa~ma Ho$ dmñVwH$ma H$Z©b EÝQ>moZr
nmo{b`a ^r Wo & _oOa OZab Šbm°S> _m{Q>©Z
bIZD$ _| H$bm Ed§ {ejm Ho$ _hmZ g§ajH$ Wo O~{H$ Om°Z
dwå~dob B©ñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZr
Ho$ Ego _mñQ>a Wo & {MÌ _| bmoJm| H$mo nmo{b`a
Ho$ g§J«h Ho$ ~rM _| Amam_ go ~¡R>o hþ`o
{XIm`m J`m h¡ Ed§ a§J{MÌ Ho$ _Ü`
_| Omo\$mZr AnZo BOob na H$m`© H$aVo {XIm`r n‹S>
aho h¡ §& |
|
|
{d{b`_ hmoOog
JmS>}ZarM
go EgßbmZoS>, H$bH$Îmm H$m Ñí`
B©0 1785
H¡$Zdmg na
V¡b {MÌ
{d{b`_ hmoOog Zo gZ²
1780 go
1783 VH$
^maV H$m {dñV¥V Xm¡am {H$`m & do n¡gr{\$H$
H$r Xygar `mÌm _| H¡$ßQ>Z Hw$H$ Ho$ gmW
Wo & hmoOog Zo " {gboŠQ> ì`yO Am°\$
H¡$bH$mQ>m ' g_oV AnZr BZJ«o{d½§g
Ho$ {b`o S´>m§B½g Ed§ Ob a§J {MÌ
~Zm`o Wo &`h a§J{MÌ H$bH$Îmm H$m nhbm ^y-{MÌ
h¡, [Og_| "{gQ>r Am°\$ n¡bogog ' OmVo
g_` hþJbr ZXr go Xe©H$m| H$mo dhm§ H$m nhbm Omo
Ñí` {XIm`r n‹S>Vm h¡, Xe©m`m
J`m h¡ & |
 |
|
 |
Wm_g S>¡{Z`b
J‹T>dmb
Ho$ nd©V-Ñí`
B©0 1791
H¡$Zdmg na
V¡b {MÌ
nwZéÕma
H$m`© Ho$ Xm¡amZ Amoda nopÝQ>¨J H$mo
hQ>mZo Ho$ ~mX gZ² 1790 -91 _| CÎma ^maV _| H$bmH$ma
H$s e¡brJV {deofVmE§ {XIm`r n‹S>r§; `h
gZ² 1797 (B§Jb¡
§S>> dmng OmH$a) go n¥WH$ h¡, O¡gm{H$
nhbo gmoMm J`m Wm & ~m`r § Amoa {e{da _| Xmo AmH¥${V`m§
H$bmH$ma VWm CZHo$ ^VrOo H$s h¢ , {Og_| do EH$ Xya _| nhm‹S>r
{eIa H$s CƒVm H$mo Q>obrñH$mon go XoI aho h¡
§ & |
|
|
AÝ`
n¥ð> |
|
|